

Gamsakhurdia published his first poems, and short stories early in the 1910s, influenced by German Expressionism and French Post-Symbolist literature. As a Russian subject, he was briefly interned at Traunstein in Bavaria where Thomas Mann sent him chocolate. He spent most of the World War I years in Germany, France, and Switzerland, taking his doctorate at the Berlin University in 1918.

Petersburg, where he quarreled with Nicholas Marr. Born into a petite noble family in Abasha in western Georgian province of Mingrelia, then under the Imperial Russian rule, Gamsakhurdia received early education at the Kutaisi gymnasium and then studied in St.
